|
|
Transmembrane Proteins: The "Gatekeepers" and "Signal Soldiers" on Cell Membranes
Transmembrane proteins (TPs) are key molecules on cell membranes. They are responsible for substance transport, signal transduction, and cell recognition, account for more than 60% of drug targets, and open up new avenues for disease treatment.
Content generated by AI
Useful
Structure and Function of Transmembrane Proteins
Transmembrane proteins (TPs) are a class of proteins widely present in organisms that can span cell membranes one or more times. They play a crucial role in the structure and function of cell membranes and are key molecules for substance transport, signal transduction, and cell recognition between the inside and outside of cells.
Transmembrane proteins typically consist of a hydrophobic transmembrane domain and hydrophilic intracellular and extracellular domains. The transmembrane domain is composed of hydrophobic amino acids and usually forms an α-helical structure to stably embed in the phospholipid bilayer. According to the number and arrangement of transmembrane domains, transmembrane proteins can be divided into single-pass transmembrane proteins and multi-pass transmembrane proteins. For example, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are typical multi-pass transmembrane proteins, which play an important role in cellular signal transduction.
Notes on Translation:
Term Consistency: Core terms follow biological academic conventions—"跨膜蛋白" is uniformly translated as "transmembrane proteins" with the standard abbreviation "TPs" retained for conciseness; "G 蛋白偶聯(lián)受體" adopts the internationally recognized "G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)" to ensure professionalism and readability in academic contexts.
Metaphor Preservation: The vivid metaphors "守門人" (gatekeepers) and "信號(hào)兵" (signal soldiers) are retained to convey the functional characteristics of transmembrane proteins (controlling substance entry/exit and transmitting signals) in an intuitive way, avoiding the loss of expressive force caused by overly literal translation.
Functional Accuracy: Phrases such as "物質(zhì)運(yùn)輸" (substance transport), "信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)" (signal transduction), "磷脂雙層" (phospholipid bilayer), and "α 螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)" (α-helical structure) use standard biological terminology, ensuring no ambiguity in describing molecular structures and physiological functions.
Sentence Fluency: Complex Chinese sentences (e.g., the first sentence listing multiple functions of transmembrane proteins) are split into logically coherent English clauses, maintaining the original information integrity while conforming to English syntactic habits (e.g., using "and" to connect parallel functions instead of rigidly following Chinese sentence structure). |
|